| Localization in CNS |
Anterior
cingulate cortex, neocortex, amygdala, hippocampus, ventral dentate gyrus,
presubiculum, nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, thalamus, habenula,
interpeduncular nucleus, pars compacta of the substantia nigra, superior and
inferior colliculi, raphe nuclei |
Medial
habenula, hypothalamus, pons, medulla, dorsal root ganglion, caudate putamen,
medial habenula, tegmentum, trigeminal nucleus |
Claustrum,
endopiriform nucleus, caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, midline nuclear
group of the thalamus, superficial grey layer of the superior colliculus,
central grey, caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, thalamus,
interpeduncular nuclei |
Cortex,
olfactory bulb, suprachiasmatic nucleus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens,
thalamic nuclei, hypothalamus, hippocampus, septum, superior colliculus |
| Likely Physiological Roles |
Respiration,
cardiovascular functions, feeding, learning and memory, intestinal transit,
locomotor activity, thermoregulation, hormone secretion, immune functions |
Analgesia,
motor integration, gastrointestinal motility, olfaction, respiration,
cognitive function, mood driven behavior |
Regulation
of nociception, diuresis, feeding, neuroendocrine secretions |
Motor
and balance control, reinforcement and reward, nociception, the stress
response, sexual behavior, aggression, autonomic control of physiological
processes |